Ajay Banga loves to talk about the wonders of a cashless society, but every now and then it can backfire. At his first offsite leadership meeting after taking over as president and CEO of MasterCard, he gave his senior team a spirited speech about the downside of cash—it’s hard to track; it’s used for drugs, weapons, and tax evasion; and it’s expensive to make (just the cost to produce and distribute it can run the central bank of an average country up to 1.5% of GDP). As he concluded his remarks, one of the executives in the room, at the Fontainebleau in Miami, challenged Banga to show the group how much cash he had on him. Banga opened his wallet and pulled out $2, at which point the group chided him. “The others basically said, ‘What a cheap guy—he can’t even tip the bellboy,’ ” Banga recalls. “And they were right. I didn’t tip the bellboy!”

Banga espousing the benefits of going cashless is a little bit like Howard Schultz saying everyone should drink coffee—after all, this is a company that makes money on transaction fees every time someone uses credit instead of cash—but Banga is a man on a mission, even if it means coming off as a cheapskate once in a while. These days Banga has a lot to talk about. When he took over MasterCard exactly four years ago, the company had recently gone public, and disrupters like Square and PayPal were starting to make waves in mobile payments. Now the company most people associate with a piece of plastic is going virtual, digital, and biometric. It’s experimenting with facial-recognition software, mobile-payment systems, touchless transactions, and its own idea of a “digital wallet” that it thinks can succeed where others have failed. It is using big data to give its customers better insight, and it has a Google-style moon-shot lab for experimental new ventures. Banga is hardly a native technology CEO—a consumer products lifer, he cut his teeth at Nestlé in India before jumping to PepsiCo’s restaurant division and then to Citibank—but to hear him talk philosophically about a “world beyond cash,” he sounds more like a Silicon Valley futurist than a payment-processing executive.

Welcome to MasterCard 2.0.

Credit cards are a funny business. For one thing, companies like Visa ( V -0.02% ) and MasterCard ( MA 0.63% ) are not technically credit card companies; they’re payment-processing companies, effectively acting as the middleman in the transaction between consumers, merchants, and credit card issuers (typically a bank). Both MasterCard and its rival Visa were in fact once owned by banks: MasterCard by an “association” formed in 1966 that included Wells Fargo ( WFC 0.16% ), Bank of California, and First National, and Visa by Bank of America ( BAC -0.56% ) (it was originally called the Bank AmeriCard). In 1969 the “Interbank Card,” as it was called, was renamed Master Charge, then MasterCard in 1979. Even after the two went public—MasterCard in 2006, Visa in 2008—they carried their legacies with them; the card brands remained heavily influenced by the banks that had owned them.

Between Visa and MasterCard ( MA 0.63% ), it’s a two-horse, Coke-and-Pepsi-style race: Visa is the larger of the two, with $11.8 billion in 2013 revenue to MasterCard’s $8.3 billion, and $4.38 trillion in global spending volume to MasterCard’s $3 trillion (American Express is much smaller by that metric, at $940 billion). But while Visa is bigger, MasterCard is growing faster in places like Europe. (American Express has more revenue than either one, at $33.4 billion, but has a different business model.)

Who’s in Your Wallet?
It’s not about how many cardholders, but how much they spend. Above, global purchase volume of the biggest names.
—Alexandra Mondalek
Graphic Source: The Nilson Report

Who’s in Your Wallet? It’s not about how many cardholders, but how much they spend. Below, global purchase volume of the biggest names.

Banga faces two big hurdles: to get customers to choose credit over cash, and when they do, to get them to choose MasterCard ( MA 0.63% ). The first is being helped by a societal trend toward credit over cash (see “The Death of Cash”). The second is more of a challenge when, as even Banga admits, the two brands are interchangeable in consumers’ minds, since both are accepted nearly everywhere. “They’re both ubiquitous,” he says. Banga believes the key to getting consumers to reach for MasterCard instead of Visa lies in offering technology that makes the purchase experience smoother for customers and merchants. And so, from day one, his aim has been to make innovation a priority.

The first thing you notice about Banga, 54, is the thick black beard on his face and the elegant black turban atop his head. The turban is central to Sikhism (Banga was raised Sikh in Pune, India, the son of a retired Indian military general) but is a rare sight in U.S. boardrooms. In a graduation speech at New York University’s Stern School of Business in June, Banga conceded as much: “I tend to stand out in a room,” he said. “Turbans and beards will do that to you.” He joked that being randomly searched at airports is his “part-time hobby.”

The next thing you notice about him is his humor. He teases colleagues and makes fun of himself, frequently; he talks candidly and swears for emphasis. But that frankness and ability to disarm earn him respect. “Ajay is the most intelligent person I’ve worked with in my life,” says one senior colleague who did not want to be quoted for fear of looking obsequious. “It comes down to his confidence; he is deeply at ease with himself.”

When he first joined the company, Banga walked the halls and struck up conversations, asking people who they were and what they did. Employees weren’t used to it. One alum, who worked at MasterCard for more than a decade, says the culture was “extremely conservative” before Banga.

The company’s headquarters in Purchase is a sprawling, 450,000-square-foot building designed by I.M. Pei that MasterCard bought from IBM in 1995. The open hallways, flooded with natural light, are beautiful, but like any corporate campus, spread out and impersonal. That’s changed a little under Banga: the company recently ordered 35 Xootr scooters for the 1,500 employees here to use for getting to meetings; stuffed monkeys hang from trees in the “conversation suite,” a new interactive social media center. And of course, at the cafeteria and at various coffee carts, only MasterCard is accepted—no cash.

Credit card processors are in a way the original technology plays; MasterCard’s core competency, after all, has always been the technology infrastructure that connects more than 25,000 banks to 2 billion cards that are used at 40 million merchants in 210 countries. But Banga doubled down on technology. He launched an in-house innovation arm, MasterCard Labs, in 2010 when he was still COO. PayPass, its contactless technology, was rolled out in 2012 and is now used by more than 2 million merchants in 63 countries. MasterPass, the company’s digital wallet (it stores your personal data to more quickly complete a purchase from any device, using any brand of card) followed, in February 2013. And while digital wallets have had questionable success—Google Wallet, Square Wallet, and Visa’s original digital offering, V.me, all failed to gain traction—MasterCard is making MasterPass its biggest digital push yet, with constant product updates and, as of this month, the ability to purchase from within apps rather than just at mobile websites. To win in the digital payments market, “you have to have some basic capability in the physical world and some capability in the digital world,” says Ed Olebe, who worked in emerging payments at MasterCard and left this year to start his own mobile commerce company. “And what a lot of these smaller, newer companies find is that it’s very hard to make a dent in the physical world. The players who can handle the digital challenges and the security challenges, and keep a presence in the physical world, will win. And that’s MasterCard.”

To run MasterCard Labs, Banga tapped Garry Lyons, a 42-year-old Irishman who came in as part of the acquisition of Orbiscom, a Dublin-based maker of payment-solution software the company bought in 2009. Banga gave him a long leash: “Garry is geeky—it’s like he’s got ADD,” Banga says. “I told him, ‘Here’s the money. Knock yourself out. Waste it. Buy booze if you like. I don’t care. But if you don’t give me stuff to launch, I’ll fire you all.’” Last year, Lyons held an “innovation express,” where he put a group of his techies in a hotel room for 48 hours and told them to create a new product. One product from MasterCard Labs is ShopThis!, which lets customers purchase items from within a magazine app—click on an ad for cologne, for example, and buy it right there. Banga also made Lyons, seen as a star within the company, MasterCard’s chief innovation officer. Lyons says it’s a comfort to have a CEO who is committed to technology: “We have the right guy driving the bus.”
Ajay Banga MasterCard CEO Ajay Banga stands in the atrium of the company’s headquarters in Purchase, New York.
Photograph by Mackenzie Stroh for Fortune

Ask Banga what other technologies MasterCard has up its sleeve and he offers a string of examples, some of them apps, some just small features that bring big convenience. He loves inControl, which lets you carry just one MasterCard but set it to charge either your credit or debit account for purchases above or below an amount you choose. It can also work like parental controls on a television, restricting the type of store where the card can be used. Or, Banga points out, it can help curb your Starbucks addiction: Set it to limit your spending there each month to, say, $50, and “at $45 it’ll send you a text and say, ‘Hey, dopey guy, you’ve reached $45. Next time you go, what do you want me to do?’ ” That all may sound pretty simplistic, but it’s something MasterCard has patent-protected for the next 10 years.

Other innovations are in play overseas: The company is working with governments in countries like South Africa to issue cards that contain biometric data. It has ramped up fraud protection in the wake of the 2013 Target breach (as have all its competitors). And it is starting to use big data to enhance existing services, most notably for its small-business customers. Its Market Vision reports now tell small businesses how they’re doing as compared with an aggregate of similar competitors in the area.

Analysts say Banga is succeeding in his mission. “There are many times where I see MasterCard make headlines first,” says Barclays analyst Darrin Peller, who rates the stock a buy. “I think that’s their culture now. They are trying to be extraordinarily innovative.” The stock is up nearly 30% over the past year, compared with the S&P’s gain of 17%. In the past five years it’s risen 330%. Visa has climbed 240% in the same time.

Much of the opportunity for the company is in parts of the world where a digital wallet is still decades away. It is zeroing in on the 2.5 billion people in the world who are unbanked or “underbanked.” (Banga co-chairs the World Economic Forum’s financial steering committee.) In Lebanon and Jordan it partnered with the UN World Food Programme to give Syrian refugees ­MasterCards loaded with $27 per week for food. In political crisis zones like Russia and Egypt, many government employees get their salaries on prepaid MasterCards. When chaos hits, banking systems freeze, and cash becomes unavailable, their cards are still automatically refilled.

Of course, MasterCard’s competitors are pushing innovation hard too. Last month Visa announced an ambitious digital venture, Visa Checkout. AmEx recently hired a former PayPal executive as its CTO, while PayPal has made its payment technology available in brick-and-mortar stores through a partnership with Discover. Bitcoin continues to gain momentum, and Apple is rumored to be working on a digital wallet. (It filed an “iMoney” patent in January.)

Despite all this, and for all Banga’s talk about a cashless future, the vast majority of the world’s transactions—some 85%—are still conducted in cash. If anything, the argument could be made that the long-heralded end of cash has been overhyped and is still many years away. Ann Cairns, MasterCard’s head of international markets, offers a more cautious take: “There is going to be a continuum where cash, cards, and mobile exist side by side for a significant period of years,” she says.

However long the transition takes, with Banga’s eye trained on technology, MasterCard looks well positioned to lead in a post-cash world. Maybe he can even find a solution for tipping those bellmen.

~ Source: Fortune.com

A team of Young Khalsa’s under Khalsa Aid team have initiated floods relief in the floods hit areas of J & K. We are working closely with the JK Sikh Professionals ( JKSP ).

There is an urgent need for almost everything. Together with JKSP relief centres in Jammu and Kashmir have been set up. The relief teams have started to distribute food and water to those who are escaping the floods.

Devastating floods have taken place in Kashmir valley during the past few days. Among the worst affected areas in the Srinagar City are Jawahar Nagar, Raj Bagh & Mehjoor Nagar & Allochi Bagh. All these places have an approximate Sikh population of around 25000 souls. All of their houses are inundated under 10-18 feet of water & they have lost everything. These people are in dire need of help with children & aged who need immediate attention.

People are waiting on rooftops awaiting to be rescued either by boats or choppers to safer places. Some 150 families are reported to have been already shifted to Gurudwara Shaheed Bunga in Barzulla which is among the lesser affected areas, but these are unconfirmed reports since there is no phone connectivity since Sunday (07-09-14) afternoon with the valley.

Come out and HELP! Spread across these numbers among your contacts!

FLOODS HELPLINE :

The floods affected people needing information or advice can contact the following numbers in an emergency:

Gagandeep Singh 09419113668

Parduman Singh 09419108582

Email: flood.jksp@gmail.com

Please ONLY call these numbers if you are directly affected by the floods.

We need your support:

TO DONATE: please click on the following link: http://www.khalsaaid.org/donate.html

London, UK: After the Waris Ahluwalia’s GAP advertisement, the Gentlemen’s Quarterly has featured Manik Singh, another keshadhari Sikh, in its magazine.

The Gentlemen Quarterly is a fashion magazine with no connection to Sikhi, however’s its decision to feature a Sikh model has been welcomed with surprise.

Since the 9/11 attacks, Sikhs have repeatedly endured violence and bigotry throughout the World because of their religiously-mandated turbans. In August 2012, a gunman with known ties to neo-Nazi groups attacked a Sikh place of worship in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, killing six worshipers and injuring several others, including a local law enforcement officer.

In the months after the massacre, a Sikh business owner was shot and injured in Port Orange, Florida; a Sikh octogenarian was beaten with a steel rod in Fresno, California; and a Sikh professor was assaulted in New York, New York. Despite Sikhs being an integral part of the United Sikhs of America, racism against Sikhs has increased over the past few years.

~ Source: Sikh24.Com

A total of £2,700 was raised for Epilepsy Action by a Sikh Temple following their annual walk.

Members of the Sri Guru Singh Sabha Gurdwara presented a cheque of £2,200 to Roger Stimson of the charity, with another £500 donated afterwards.

The walk, which was roughly six miles, went from Asda in Rivergate to the Ferry Meadows’ Visitor Centre and back. The money raised goes towards the charity’s freephone helpline: 08088005050.

~ Source: http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/

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Sikhism is the world’s fifth-largest religion, with roughly 25 million adherent dispersed throughout the globe. The faith teaches that all people are equal before God and should develop their spiritual character through humility, compassion and generosity. Sikhs typically keep their hair uncut as a symbol of unity with God, and men — and some women — cover their hair with turbans as a mark of faith.

Unfortunately, Sikhs are one of the most misunderstood religious groups in America. Subjected to countless hate crimes and attacks over the years, Sikhs have born the brunt of many Americans’ xenophobia and still manage to promote peace and religious literacy through it all.

HuffPost Religion invited Sikhs on social media to share their depictions of#whatsikhlookslike — putting the power back in Sikhs’ hands to define themselves.

The response revealed a diverse and vibrant community that refuses to be pigeonholed. If you would like to share an image of what Sikh looks like to you, share your photos tagged #whatsikhlookslike with @HuffPostRelig on Twitter.

Source: www.huffingtonpost.com

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For the second time in a month, a Sikh-American was physically assaulted in a reported hate crime in New York City.
On July 30, a man in a pickup truck directed hate speech at 29-year-old Sandeep Singh before running him over and dragging his body with his vehicle. On Aug. 7, Jaspreet Singh Batra, a medical scientist who was walking with his mother, was attacked by a group of teenagers who shouted racial slurs while punching him in the face and the back of his neck.

Batra’s case bears a striking resemblance to last year’s incident involving Prabhjot Singh, a physician and professor at Columbia University who was chased down by a group of teens shouting “Get Osama!” and “Terrorist!” The attackers fractured Singh’s jaw and dislodged several of his teeth before dispersing.

Sikh Americans, easily identifiable by their uncut hair, turbans and beards, have been disproportionately targeted in hate violence since the 9/11 attacks. Nationwide, there have been more than 700 attacks and discrimination incidents against Sikhs since 9/11, according to the Sikh Coalition, the largest Sikh civil rights organization in the United States. This includes a brutal attack two years ago on a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, which took the lives of six worshippers.

Despite the national outrage after Oak Creek, Sikhs continue to be targeted in hate crimes. A 2009 report by the Sikh Coalition found that 41 percent of Sikhs in New York City have been called names such as “Osama bin Laden” or “terrorist” and that 9 percent of Sikh adults have been physically assaulted because of their religious identity. (By way of comparison, in 2012, when the national population just topped 300 million, the Federal Bureau of Investigation documented 6,000 hate crimes in the United States — a a rate of 0.002 percent.)

Police departments are too often part of the problem. For instance, the New York Police Department maintains a policy that effectively bars observant Sikhs — who follow the religious mandates of keeping a turban and uncut hair — from serving on its force. They may only serve if they hide their turbans under police hats, which Sikh traditions prohibit.

Of the 500,000 Sikhs living in the United States, tens of thousands call New York City home. The NYPD’s unwillingness to accommodate an important part of its community gives New Yorkers a green light to do the same — and perpetuates the very stereotypes that lead to hate crimes.

Limited victory
In 2001 the NYPD traffic control division fired Amric Singh Rathour for refusing to abandon his turban and uncut beard. His letter of termination cited a provision of the NYPD dress code that requires all traffic enforcement agents to wear a police cap and maintain a beard no longer than one millimeter. While the NYPD maintains this dress policy to ensure uniformity, it fails to consider that the particular appearance it mandates is exclusionary and outdated and has no bearing on an officer’s ability to do his or her job.

“Until our law enforcement agencies fully embrace the populations they serve, they will remain complicit in perpetuating the same negative stereotypes that engender hate crimes.”

The Sikh Coalition took on Rathour’s case, arguing that Sikhs must receive an equal opportunity to serve in the nation’s largest police force. The two sides reached a settlement after two and a half years of litigation. Rathour received his job back, and a policy change now guarantees the right for every Sikh American to serve as a traffic enforcement agent with the NYPD. While Rathour’s victory is significant, the policy change remains limited to the traffic control division; the rest of the department still effectively bars observant Sikhs from joining its ranks.

In a letter this month (PDF) to Mayor Bill de Blasio and Police Commissioner William Bratton that addresses the recent spate of hate crimes, Rep. Joe Crowley, D-N.Y., urged action to keep Sikh Americans safer. One way to do so would be for the NYPD to reconsider its no-turban policy, Crowley said. And it’s true: It would send a message that law enforcement is committed to fully embracing the communities it aims to serve and protect.

Setting an example
As issues of dress code and religious freedom have increasingly come under judicial scrutiny, discriminatory policies have failed to stand up. Over the past several years, law enforcement agencies across the country, including the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington, D.C., and the Milpitas Police Department in California, have voluntarily adopted provisions to allow Sikh Americans to serve without discrimination. Such provisions are also in place in other sizable police forces around the world, including Toronto’s and London’s.
The NYPD certainly has the capacity to modernize its dress code in the name of religious diversity. In June 2012 it fired Fishel Litzman, a Hasidic police cadet, over the length of his beard. He filed a religious discrimination lawsuit, and Federal District Judge Harold Baer upheld his civil rights by ruling in his favor. The NYPD reinstated him with his religious freedom and his beard intact.

Rathour and Litzman challenged the NYPD’s discriminatory policy and successfully won the right to serve in the force without renouncing their religious identities. These victories pave the way for a formal policy change that guarantees religious liberty for Americans of diverse religious backgrounds who wish to serve in the NYPD.
As our nation continues to modernize, our public institutions ought to follow suit. It is time for police forces across the United States — including the NYPD — to follow the examples other departments have set by abandoning their outdated and discriminatory policies. Until our law enforcement agencies fully embrace the populations they serve, they will remain complicit in perpetuating the same negative stereotypes that lead to hate crimes.

Simran Jeet Singh is a Ph.D. candidate in the department of religion at Columbia University. He serves as the senior religion fellow for the Sikh Coalition and as a fellow for the Truman National Security Project.

~ Source: america.aljazeera.com

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For the second time in a month, a Sikh-American was physically assaulted in a reported hate crime in New York City.
On July 30, a man in a pickup truck directed hate speech at 29-year-old Sandeep Singh before running him over and dragging his body with his vehicle. On Aug. 7, Jaspreet Singh Batra, a medical scientist who was walking with his mother, was attacked by a group of teenagers who shouted racial slurs while punching him in the face and the back of his neck.

Batra’s case bears a striking resemblance to last year’s incident involving Prabhjot Singh, a physician and professor at Columbia University who was chased down by a group of teens shouting “Get Osama!” and “Terrorist!” The attackers fractured Singh’s jaw and dislodged several of his teeth before dispersing.

Sikh Americans, easily identifiable by their uncut hair, turbans and beards, have been disproportionately targeted in hate violence since the 9/11 attacks. Nationwide, there have been more than 700 attacks and discrimination incidents against Sikhs since 9/11, according to the Sikh Coalition, the largest Sikh civil rights organization in the United States. This includes a brutal attack two years ago on a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, which took the lives of six worshippers.

Despite the national outrage after Oak Creek, Sikhs continue to be targeted in hate crimes. A 2009 report by the Sikh Coalition found that 41 percent of Sikhs in New York City have been called names such as “Osama bin Laden” or “terrorist” and that 9 percent of Sikh adults have been physically assaulted because of their religious identity. (By way of comparison, in 2012, when the national population just topped 300 million, the Federal Bureau of Investigation documented 6,000 hate crimes in the United States — a a rate of 0.002 percent.)

Police departments are too often part of the problem. For instance, the New York Police Department maintains a policy that effectively bars observant Sikhs — who follow the religious mandates of keeping a turban and uncut hair — from serving on its force. They may only serve if they hide their turbans under police hats, which Sikh traditions prohibit.
Of the 500,000 Sikhs living in the United States, tens of thousands call New York City home. The NYPD’s unwillingness to accommodate an important part of its community gives New Yorkers a green light to do the same — and perpetuates the very stereotypes that lead to hate crimes.

Limited victory

In 2001 the NYPD traffic control division fired Amric Singh Rathour for refusing to abandon his turban and uncut beard. His letter of termination cited a provision of the NYPD dress code that requires all traffic enforcement agents to wear a police cap and maintain a beard no longer than one millimeter. While the NYPD maintains this dress policy to ensure uniformity, it fails to consider that the particular appearance it mandates is exclusionary and outdated and has no bearing on an officer’s ability to do his or her job.
“Until our law enforcement agencies fully embrace the populations they serve, they will remain complicit in perpetuating the same negative stereotypes that engender hate crimes.”

The Sikh Coalition took on Rathour’s case, arguing that Sikhs must receive an equal opportunity to serve in the nation’s largest police force. The two sides reached a settlement after two and a half years of litigation. Rathour received his job back, and a policy change now guarantees the right for every Sikh American to serve as a traffic enforcement agent with the NYPD. While Rathour’s victory is significant, the policy change remains limited to the traffic control division; the rest of the department still effectively bars observant Sikhs from joining its ranks.
In a letter this month (PDF) to Mayor Bill de Blasio and Police Commissioner William Bratton that addresses the recent spate of hate crimes, Rep. Joe Crowley, D-N.Y., urged action to keep Sikh Americans safer. One way to do so would be for the NYPD to reconsider its no-turban policy, Crowley said. And it’s true: It would send a message that law enforcement is committed to fully embracing the communities it aims to serve and protect.

Setting an example

As issues of dress code and religious freedom have increasingly come under judicial scrutiny, discriminatory policies have failed to stand up. Over the past several years, law enforcement agencies across the country, including the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington, D.C., and the Milpitas Police Department in California, have voluntarily adopted provisions to allow Sikh Americans to serve without discrimination. Such provisions are also in place in other sizable police forces around the world, including Toronto’s and London’s.
The NYPD certainly has the capacity to modernize its dress code in the name of religious diversity. In June 2012 it fired Fishel Litzman, a Hasidic police cadet, over the length of his beard. He filed a religious discrimination lawsuit, and Federal District Judge Harold Baer upheld his civil rights by ruling in his favor. The NYPD reinstated him with his religious freedom and his beard intact.
Rathour and Litzman challenged the NYPD’s discriminatory policy and successfully won the right to serve in the force without renouncing their religious identities. These victories pave the way for a formal policy change that guarantees religious liberty for Americans of diverse religious backgrounds who wish to serve in the NYPD.
As our nation continues to modernize, our public institutions ought to follow suit. It is time for police forces across the United States — including the NYPD — to follow the examples other departments have set by abandoning their outdated and discriminatory policies. Until our law enforcement agencies fully embrace the populations they serve, they will remain complicit in perpetuating the same negative stereotypes that lead to hate crimes.
Simran Jeet Singh is a Ph.D. candidate in the department of religion at Columbia University. He serves as the senior religion fellow for the Sikh Coalition and as a fellow for the Truman National Security Project.

He remembers vividly that fateful day when he threw his 6m-long turban into a river to pull to safety a Malay teenager, who had fallen into Sungai Kerian near Parit Buntar in Perak.

The then constable Sohan Singh Sidhu said he was walking along Sungai Kerian on the evening of Jan 23, 1965, after work.

“As I was taking in the sights, I saw a teenager casting his line into the river to fish. Unfortunately, he fell into the river while doing so.”

Sohan said he dashed to where the teenager fell.

The youngster was bobbing up and down, and struggling to stay afloat.

“As I could not swim, I removed my turban and threw one end of the cloth towards the boy. Thankfully, he grabbed hold of it,” Sohan, 71, said in Taiping, Perak, recently.

After pulling him to safety, Sohan, then 21, gave the teenager a tongue-lashing for endangering his own life.

“I remember him begging me not to tell his parents,” he said, adding that the boy identified himself as Abd Malik.

Sohan said the boy then left and he tied his turban up again, even though it was wet.

“I continued with my walk
before returning to the police quarters.”

He said it was lucky for the boy that his turban was not starched, hence, it could roll out once the pin was removed.

News of the Punjabi policeman saving the Malay boy with his turban spread and pressmen hounded him the next day.

“The reporters came and asked me if it’s okay to publish the news and I said ‘why not’,” he said with a smile.

Sohan became an overnight superstar when news of his quick thinking was splashed in major newspapers on the third day.

“That report drew the attention of my district police chief and the inspector-general of police,” he said, adding that he received a commendation letter three months after the incident.

After Parit Buntar, Sohan was transferred to Rawang in 1966.

He rose up the ranks, from constable to inspector, before retiring as assistant superintendent in 1998.

After his retirement, Sohan was seconded to the Film Censorship Board in Kuala Lumpur for three years. Due to his vast knowledge, the Seremban native also became a human resources manager in a factory in Taiping.

“My children asked me to stop working in 2006,” he said, adding that as time passed, news of him saving the teenager was gradually forgotten as it got overtaken by other events.

“Now, I share it only occasionally during family gatherings,” said the father of two boys and a girl.

Sohan, who is married to Serjeet Kaur, 64, spends his twilight years meeting friends and praying at the gurdwara in the morning.

“I return for lunch before having my afternoon nap.”

Sohan keeps active by going for walks in his neighbourhood in the evenings.

~ Source: NST

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Broken hearts float down the Bhakra Main Line canal. Broken by the endless struggle with the land, with the weather, with the creditor. Broken by broken promises, broken by the honour they lost, broken enough to kill themselves. And, at the sluice gate at Khanauri village they slow down, looking up with unseeing eyes. And, from the bridge across the canal, the beating hearts they broke look down upon them.

An outsider driving through Khanauri in Punjab’s Sangrur district will notice only the pretty village, the grain market and the blue-green Sutlej waters rushing down the canal. You need to look closer to see the knot of people at the sluice gate, their brimming eyes scanning the water, waiting for it to deliver their loved ones to them.

Punjab’s prosperity has been a folklore across urban and rural India for decades. Farmers here were among the first to welcome hybrid seeds and chemical fertilisers, which powered the Green Revolution. The expansive canal network around the Bhakra-Nangal dam was ready just in time for the boom. The postcard image of a green and prosperous Punjab was formed around this time. The picture is fading, fading fast.

Farmer suicides in the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa are talked about. But, the lush greenery screens the spate of suicides in Punjab. THE WEEK visited four districts where the death toll is reported to be the highest¯Sangrur, Mansa, Bathinda and Fazilka. The state government is in denial about this trend, though the three recent surveys it commissioned found the main cause¯debts.

The first survey analysed suicide data from three districts up to 2008, and found shocking facts: 1) estimated debt burden on farmers was about Rs9,886 crore, and, 2) almost 58 per cent of the loans came from high-interest, non-institutional lenders. Combined, the surveys found that of the 7,000 confirmed suicides, around 5,000 were debt-related; 79 per cent of the victims were small farmers.

Today, even farmers with holdings under five acres claim to have debts of Rs5 lakh to Rs8 lakh. “With cost of agriculture going up and returns from farm produce becoming lesser, more and more farmers are choosing to end their lives unable to cope up with their debt,” said economist Sukhpal Singh, Punjab Agriculture University (PAU), Ludhiana.

Cost of farm inputs like pesticides, fertilisers and seeds has gone up by 40 to 100 per cent in the past five years, while price of produce has doubled in the same period. In 2010, Sukhpal wrote a paper proving that small- and medium-sized farms were disappearing.

The surveys were coordinated by PAU, assisted by Punjabi University, Patiala, and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. The more severe three districts were taken up by the first survey (2000-2008). An additional three districts were included in the second survey (2000-2010). Now, a third survey is on, covering 19 of Punjab’s 22 districts; the survey period is 2011-April, 2014. This report is expected to be ready this month.

There is a debate on the number of deaths. “The state’s official figures put farmers’ suicides between 2000 and 2010 at 6,926. But our sample survey found the number to be between 40,000 and 45,000. I wonder what the Central government is waiting for?” asked Sukhdev Singh Kokri Kalan, general secretary, Bharatiya Kisan Union Ekta (Ugrahan).

Sukhpal concedes that the surveys done by the universities have been plagued by shortage of funds at different stages. This has affected door-to-door data collection. Most data was collected from taluk offices and from village headmen.

Misery. Death. Misery.
Punjab does compensate families of farmers who commit suicide, but it is tangled in red tape. The package of Rs2 lakh per family was announced in 2001, but was disbursed only in 2010. Despite the decade-long delay, the amount was not hiked. And, only around 4,000 families have benefited. Many were left out because they could not produce official confirmation of the suicides. Widows of farmers who have committed suicides are allowed a monthly pension of Rs200, but very few are receiving it.

THE WEEK visited families of 14 suicide victims, who had died after 2010. Many families did not have death certificates. And, those families who had one will not benefit because the certificate does not certify the cause of death as being suicide or unnatural.

Computerised death certificates are a rarity; majority are hand-written. According to the Registration of Births and Death Act, 1969, a death certificate must mandatorily have the date, time and cause of death. Most of the certificates THE WEEK examined had just the date.

“No one goes to the police fearing harassment. The local health worker can issue death certificates with the village sarpanch initiating the process,” said Karanjit Singh, sarpanch of Kishangarh village. Kishangarh in Mansa district has among the highest farmer suicide rates in the state; 72 deaths in the past four years.

To compound issues, in the villages, after a farmer dies, his estate is not settled legally. This allows money lenders to step in and attach property towards outstanding loans. In many cases, the property would not be sufficient to cover the debts, leading to harassment of the widow and children.

The Baba Nanak Educational Society (BNES) surveyed four blocks in the fertile Malwa region¯three blocks in Sangrur district and one in Mansa district. The survey reported 2,096 suicides in these blocks, between 2010 and April 2014. In the society’s college¯J.S. Jaijee Degree College, Gurney Kalan¯children of suicide victims are taught free of cost.

“We sought affidavits from village panchayats affirming these suicides. There is no other way to confirm them otherwise,” said Inderjit Singh Jaijee, a BNES trustee and, convenor, Movement Against State Repression (MASR). Studies in Malwa indicate that propensity for suicides is highest among farmhands and owners of small- and medium-sized farms.

Commercial and social pressures, too, contribute to a farmer’s debt. Pressure from commission agents is considerable, say experts. Social pressures include raising dowry for daughters. “Here, dowry is paid according to your land holding. The going rate is Rs1.5 lakh for an acre you hold,” said Yashpal Singh, farmer from Kalachar village, Sangrur district. He attempted suicide twice after his daughter’s marriage.

On July 18, at Mari village in Sangrur district, a middle-aged Bhoora Singh jumped in front of a train at dawn. His wife, Sarbajeet Kaur, said the farmhand had borrowed Rs2.5 lakh for his daughter’s marriage in 2012. In the week after his death, women from Mari, including widows of suicide victims, disrupted rail traffic by blocking the tracks.

Poor and irregular availability of power and water are the other stressors. With the water table falling below 500ft, there is the additional cost of boring deeper and extending the pipeline. “A new borewell costs Rs2.5 lakh and they fall in need of frequent repairs,” said Harpal Singh, farmer from Balran village, where 91 farmers have committed suicide in the past four years. Because of power cuts, farmers run diesel generators for six to eight hours every day to power the pumps.

A fitful monsoon over Punjab has aggravated the water shortage. Faced with a near-drought situation, the state has sought Central assistance. Loss of the paddy crop has been reported from many districts and farmers have been borrowing heavily to replant fields.

The corpse canal
The crowds in Khanauri come from Mansa, Patiala and Sangrur¯the districts through which the canal passes. Three kilometres downstream from the sluice gate is Haryana.

The Khanauri police station, which is only about 800m away from the sluice gate, used to be a quiet place. Not anymore. It now has a register that records the number and details of bodies that wash up at the sluice gate. Most of the bodies that wash up here are those of males aged between 20 and 50 years. The first survey showed that 34.3 per cent of the victims chose canals.

“Around 35 to 40 bodies are caught every month at the gate. A dozen are identified on basis of clothes, possessions and identification marks,” said Kulwant Singh, the havildar on duty.

On the cliff that overlooks the canal is a temple, its walls covered with posters of missing people. A guest house for families of victims was built jointly by the state government and the Sahara Charitable Trust. Food for the grieving families comes from the gurdwara, and merchants from the grain market contribute towards the upkeep of additional rooms for families. The former MP, Vijay Inder Singla of the Congress, had funded two ambulances, which are now being used as hearses. The current MP is comedian Bhagwant Mann of the Aam Aadmi Party.

At Khanauri, divers retrieve the bodies for a fee. “Divers charge according to the position of the deceased in the family. They demanded Rs22,000 to bring up my nephew’s [Sukhwinder, 22] body,” said Maggar Singh from Jagsiri village in Fatehgarh Sahib district.

Vijay Kumar from Lagroi village in Patiala had been in Khanauri for almost a week, looking for his son Lalit Kumar, 23. “We will stay here till we find the body,” he said.

Khanauri residents list the things that would make the ordeal easier for victims’ families¯a morgue, underwater lighting at the sluice gate and government divers. “We are trying everything to help out in these suicide cases,” said Arshdeep Singh Thind, deputy commissioner, Sangrur. “Some of the requests are pending and we are exploring the options of having them done with state or private assistance.”

Jaijee said: “Imagine, if this is the case of one canal in Punjab, what would be happening at other canals? The tendency here is to overlook or devise techniques to allow the bodies to tip over the sluice gates. [On the Haryana side] bodies are dragged around by dogs. Fields there are littered with skeletons of victims as the Haryana Police claims no responsibility over them.”

Dying for honour
Jasbir Singh, farmer and BKU worker from Sangrur, said farmers commit suicide fearing dishonour. “One thing a Punjabi farmer values more than his land is his izzat [honour],” he said. “When that is hurt, they think very little about the family members they leave behind. What they do not understand is that there is no izzat for a farmer in life or for his family even after he is gone.”

Jasbir and other workers of the BKU now counsel farmers who are probable candidates for suicide. Many senior, district-level leaders of the BKU are in jail now, for leading agitations seeking hike in compensation for families of suicide victims.

In Lelkala village, Mansa district, only three widows and two children are left in a family. The patriarch, Sarjit Singh, 60, consumed insecticide and died in 2012. In 2010, he had borrowed Rs6 lakh from commission agents to maintain his four-acre farm. By 2012, the amount had ballooned to Rs8.5 lakh. Dishonoured, he committed suicide.

The dues fell on his eldest son Sukhjinder, 29. He hung himself on a tree in the family’s fields, four months after Sarjit’s death. This June 28, the second son, Nirmal, 30, too, hung himself from a tree. Sarjit’s widow Karnail Kaur choked as she said: “Half our land was sold after [Sarjit] died. The rest is with the moneylender. We do not have enough money to pay even the interest.”

Now, the family is reduced to Karnail; Sukhjinder’s widow Paranjit Kaur and their son Jasprit, 10; and Nirmal’s widow Jasbir Kaur and their son Khushprit, 7. The boys’ education is supported by relatives. “Jasbir has one meal a day and supports us by sewing clothes for neighbours,” said Karnail.

Wasted harvest
The state failing to procure grain is another hurdle faced by farmers. Last year, Punjab did not meet its procurement target of paddy¯12 million tonnes. As the state fails to buy grain, stocks are rotting in farmyards. It is common to see sacks of grain stacked under a tarpaulin. Come monsoon and the sacks rot, spilling the grain and wasting the harvest. Now, markets in Punjab are seeing the arrival of early kharif paddy; opening prices are at par with minimum support prices.

The situation of farmers will improve, promised Suresh Kumar, financial commissioner (development), the highest ranking bureaucrat in the state agriculture ministry. “From what I understand, the trend of suicide among farmers should be declining in the upcoming survey results,” he said. “We have taken a number of measures to reduce non-institutional borrowing, we have increased subsidy on power and support prices have been doubled in the past seven years.

“The state usually pays farm electricity subsidy of Rs1,500 crore and, this year, this figure was close to Rs2,000 crore. We decided to pay an extra Rs600 core to save [paddy worth] Rs30,000 crore. This expenditure will be borne by us, and the benefits will go to the Central government.” The Akali Dal, which rules Punjab, is an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party, which holds Delhi. Kumar said the state was also training farmers in dairy farming and apiary to improve their income.

Villages for sale
It has been two months after the monsoon showers reached south Punjab, but Fazilka, the new district carved out from Ferozepur, is dry. Eleven villages in the district have put themselves up for sale. The paddy and cotton crops are almost dead. Here, the water table is at 200ft, but the water is laced with chemical salts. Good water lies at 600ft.

Fazilka lies close to the India-Pakistan border, about 30km from the bustling town of Moga. Villagers here have invited bids from industrialists to buy the villages as is. Residents of Khanpur, Shatirvala, Bandiwala, Sidhana, Sawana, Tillanwali and Kerwala have put out banners inviting bids. Price? Settle the debts of residents. Over the past few months, many residents have fled to the cities.

“Ever since the canal water was diverted for political reasons, our fields have been drying up,” said Gurpreet Singh, sarpanch, Shatirvala. “Two years back, the price here used to be Rs20 lakh per acre. Now, no one wants to pay even Rs10 lakh for these dry fields.”

Farmer Maluk Singh said, “Those who can afford [to run 600ft-deep borewells] still have green fields. We do not want to die here. It is better to sell everything and look for a new life in the cities of Rajasthan or Haryana.” Maluk has a loan of Rs18 lakh against his eight acres.

Gurpreet said that despite their protests, the district irrigation department, supported by the police, partially blocked the canal to the area and diverted water.

Ferozepur Deputy Commissioner D.P.S. Kharbanda told THE WEEK that the villagers’ agitation was a “non-serious matter”. “We have provided reverse osmosis water-purifying stations at some of these places and even piped drinking water is being provided at Rs20 per litre,” he said. As Fazilka is yet to get its own commissioner, Ferozepur bureaucrats manage the new district, too.

Hope for Punjab’s farmers and the grieving families now lies in the strong stand taken by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana. The court has asked the state to set up a commission to probe the reasons for suicide of farmers and to suggest steps for prevention. The commission should also frame a policy on disbursement of compensation, the court said.

Debt blow
* Farmers flock to non-institutional money lenders, such as the arthiyas (commission agents), whose interest rates (about 30 per cent) are much higher than banks (about 4 per cent). These lenders are unforgiving and demand full repayment even if the crop fails.

Often termed as “loans for social reasons” in government surveys, borrowing to pay dowry is a prominent reason for high debt among farmers. Depending on the amount of land a farmer in rural Punjab has, he has to pay a dowry of Rs1.5 lakh to Rs3 lakh per acre.

* P rices of all farm inputs, including seeds and fertilisers, have gone up by 40 to 100 per cent throughout the country. But, only a small subsidy for pesticides is borne by the state government.

* The lowering water table compels farmers to extend borewells and the recurring expenditure drives them to debt.

The way out
* Increase the minimum support prices for crops.

* Increase purchase of crops like maize, sugarcane and pulses, or allow private buyers.

* Reduce non-institutional borrowing by farmers with assistance from the Centre.

* Introduce cooperative farming.

Sorry state
According to a recent survey conducted by the Punjab government, Sangrur, Mansa and Bathinda accounted for 1,757 farmer suicides between 2000 and 2008. A second survey reported 6,000 suicides between 2000 to 2010 in Sangrur, Bathinda, Mansa, Moga, Ludhiana and Barnala. A third survey, which includes the above-mentioned districts as well as Faridkot, Muktsar, Patiala, Hoshiarpur, Fatehgarh Sahib, Rupnagar, Ferozepur, Nawanshahr, Mohali, Kapurthala, Tarn Taran, Amritsar and Jalandhar, is underway for the period starting from 2011 to April 2014.

The combined data from the three surveys reports 7,000 suicides, of which 5,000 were debt-related.

The first survey analysed suicide data from three districts up to 2008 and found shocking facts: estimated debt burden on farmers was about Rs9,886 crore in 2008, and almost 58 per cent came from high-interest, non-institutional lenders. Understandably, 79 per cent of the victims were small farmers.

Today, even farmers with holdings under five acres claim to have debts of
Rs5 lakh to Rs8 lakh.

A package of Rs2 lakh per family was announced for the victims’ kin in 2001, but was disbursed only in 2010. Despite the decade-long delay, the amount was not hiked. And, only around 4,000 families have benefited. Many were left out because they could not produce official confirmation of the suicides. A pension of Rs200 was announced for widows of farmers who have committed suicides, but few have started receiving it.

DEATH WISH

Poisoning
The burgeoning costs of farm inputs often push farmers over the edge. Pesticides now cost 30 per cent higher and, at Rs3,500 a litre, are often consumed by farmers, rather than pests.

Drowning
Drowning is the second-most common mode of suicide (after poisoning) even in urban areas such as Patiala.

Hanging
Most cases of farmers hanging themselves usually take place at dawn or dusk.

Trains
Some farmers jump in front of speeding trains to put an end to their misery. These trains, ironically, often carry their grains through the villages of Punjab.

~ Source: http://week.manoramaonline.com/

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