Qazi ordered the death of the Sahibzade & now this mosque is being looked after by a Sikh Granthi.

It is known as Chittian Masjidan, the white mosque, a possible reference to its two domes, now in disrepair but which still retain remnants of a brighter past. While the domes may be out of reach, the mosqueтАЩs guardian ensures that at least the rest of the structure lives up to its reputation, periodically giving […]

It is known as Chittian Masjidan, the white mosque, a possible reference to its two domes, now in disrepair but which still retain remnants of a brighter past. While the domes may be out of reach, the mosqueтАЩs guardian ensures that at least the rest of the structure lives up to its reputation, periodically giving it a whitewash.

But what really makes this Mughal-era mosque at Mahadian village, near the historic city of Sirhind in Punjab, is that its guardian is the granthi of the neighbouring gurdwara.

Despite harbouring a painful and tragic chapter in Sikh history, the mosque and the gurdwara appear to have made peace with their violent past. The gurdwara, the Mastgarh Sahib Chittian, had been functioning inside the mosque for nearly a hundred years, and is only now being shifted to its own premises beside the masjid.

It was the qazi of this mosque, so the story goes, who issued a fatwa for the death of the two sons of Guru Gobind Singh in 1705. The mosque is less than a kilometre from the spot where the two тАФ Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh тАФ were walled in by the Nawab of Sirhind, Wazir Khan, for refusing to embrace Islam. That event is now observed as Jor Mela, with Sikhs congregating at the spot every year.

Jeet Singh, the granthi, says he cleans the mosque twice a day because it is his тАЬdutyтАЭ. тАЬVery few worshippers have turned up, but we have never stopped anyone. Muslim worshippers feel happy that we are taking care of the old mosque,тАЭ says Singh, who lives at the dera with his family including children, wife and father-in-law.

Professor Rashid Rasheed, who teaches Punjabi at Mata Gujri College in Fatehgarh Sahib, says the Chittian Masjidan gurdwara is an example of communal harmony that can be followed across the country. тАЬI have visited the mosque and have found that Muslims are free to offer prayers there. It is an example that should be followed everywhere to keep the social fabric of our country intact,тАЭ he says.

Prof Subash Parihar, a Faridkot-based historian and author of тАШHistory and Architectural remains of SirhindтАЩ, says the mosque most likely dates back to the period of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan and was built between 1628-1658.

After repeated coats of whitewash, there is no sign of the glazed tile work, typical of Mughal-era mosques. And no one really knows how or why it survived the fury of Sikh fighters, who reclaimed the city in 1710 after routing Wazir KhanтАЩs forces and killing him in the battle of Chappar Chiri.

тАЬBut we are continuing with the existing name of the mosque to give a message that we do not mean any disrespect to any religion,тАЭ says its guardian, Jeet Singh.

-IndianExpress

Singh cures the Last stage of his Mother’s Cancer with Wheat Grass

A Singh in a village of Punjab was devastated after his mother was diagnosed with last stage of cancer. He sought advice from various places and then came across a person with immense knowledge of herbal treatments. He took the advice and grew organic form of a special type of wheat. The special wheat grass […]

A Singh in a village of Punjab was devastated after his mother was diagnosed with last stage of cancer. He sought advice from various places and then came across a person with immense knowledge of herbal treatments. He took the advice and grew organic form of a special type of wheat.

The special wheat grass was grown with nontoxic soil at was cut at approximately 6 inches. The process is to next extract juice from the grass by beating it in a bowl or using a juicing machine.

The Singh says the juice extracted from the organic wheat grass cured his mother from the deadly cancer. He says the miracle plant also cures many other life threatening diseases.

He went onto say that the plant doesnтАЩt have any side effects and should be used as an alternative form of medicine.

Wheatgrass juice is an effective healer because it contains all minerals known to man, and vitamins A, B-complex, C, E, l and K. It is extremely rich in protein, and contains 17 amino acids, the building blocks of protein. 3. Wheatgrass juice contains up to 70% chlorophyll, which is an important blood builder.

Among other things wheatgrass juice is particularly high in chlorophyll. Wheatgrass cleanses and builds the blood due to its high content of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the first product of light and therefore contains more healing properties than any other element. All life on this planet comes from the sun. Only green plants can transform the sunтАЩs energy into chlorophyll through the process of photosynthesis. . Chlorophyll is known as the тАШlife-bloodтАЩ of the plants. This important phytonutrient is what your cells need to heal and to thrive. Drinking wheatgrass juice is like drinking liquid sunshine.

Chlorophyll carries high levels of oxygen (among other things) which is especially powerful in assisting the body to restore abnormalities. The high content of oxygen in chlorophyll helps deliver more oxygen to the blood. We see red blood cell counts rise and blood oxygen levels rise very quickly with the regular drinking of wheatgrass juice and using wheatgrass juice implants. This marker is a key indicator of health recovery for abnormalities, ailments and disease. Oxygen is vital to many body processes, especially for the brain which uses 25% of the oxygen supply. This high oxygen helps support a healthy body.

The Cancer Tutor says:

тАЬIf we look at oxygen as a bullet to kill cancer cells, then we should look at wheatgrass as a shotgun blast at treating cancer. (1) The number of ways it deals with cancer is incredible. First of all, it contains chlorophyll, which has almost the same molecular structure as hemoglobin.

ри╕ри┐рй░риШригрйАриЖриВ ри╡ри▓рйЛриВ риЧрй▒ридриХрйЗ (риори╛ри░ри╢ри▓ риЖри░риЯ) рижрйЗ ри╡риЦри╛риП риЧриП римри╛риХриори╛ри▓ рйЫрйМри╣ри░

риЗри╕ ри╡рйАрибрйАриЙ ри╡ри┐риЪ ридрйБри╕рйАриВ ри╡рйЗриЦ ри░ри╣рйЗ ри╣рйЛ риХри┐ ри╕ри┐рй░риШригрйАриЖриВ ри╡ри▓рйЛриВ риори╛ри░ри╢ри▓ риЖри░риЯ риЧрй▒ридриХрйЗ рижрйЗ римри╛риХриори╛ри▓ рйЫрйМри╣ри░ ри╡риЦри╛риП риЬри╛ ри░ри╣рйЗ ри╣рии риЬри┐ри╣риири╛риВ рижрйА ринри░рикрйВри░ рикрйНри░ри╢рй░ри╢ри╛ риХри░риирйА римригрижрйА ри╣рйИред риЗри╕ ри╡рйАрибрйАриЙ ридрйЛриВ ри╣ри░ ри▓рйЬриХрйА риирйВрй░ риЖрикригрйЗ риЖрик рижрйА ри╕рйБри░рй▒риЦри┐риЖ риХри░рии ри▓риИ ри╕рйЗриз ри▓рйИригрйА риЪри╛ри╣рйАрижрйА риЕридрйЗ риири╛ри▓ ри╣рйА риори╣ри╛рии ри╡ри┐ри░ри╛ри╕рид риирйВрй░ ри╕риориЭриг ридрйЗ риЙри╕ риири╛ри▓ риЬрйБрйЬрии рижри╛ риорйМриХри╛ риори┐ри▓рижри╛ ри╣рйИред

LudhianaтАЩs Karanvir is the youngest member of PM ModiтАЩs delegation to Davos

ItтАЩs a proud moment for Ludhiana and India as a whole as Karanvir Singh is set to leave for Davos, Switzerland as the youngest member of the Indian delegation led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for participation in the prestigious World Economic Forum (WEF) meet. Selected by the WEF to represent Youth at its influential […]

ItтАЩs a proud moment for Ludhiana and India as a whole as Karanvir Singh is set to leave for Davos, Switzerland as the youngest member of the Indian delegation led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for participation in the prestigious World Economic Forum (WEF) meet.

Selected by the WEF to represent Youth at its influential annual meeting at Davos starting January 17, 2018, Karanvir Singh, the Founding Chairman of Visionum Group, a bridge between Government and People, told babushahi.com that he would speak on Public-Private Partnerships and its future in India.

Born and brought up at Ludhiana, this Youth Icon of India is a product of Guru Nanak International Public School, Model Town, here.тАЭI look forward to meet the global icons in their respective fields at Devos. My meeting with Bill Gates has been confirmed. We will discuss on the issue of bringing Artificial Intelligence to India,тАЭ he said on the eve of his departure.

An alumni of IIM, Rohtak, a Ph.D scholar and international speaker, Karanvir is a member of 50 Global Shapers, an initiative of World Economic Forum, from across 150 countries, who got selected to represent the voice of young people at Davos. He has also done Masters in social work and mass communication.

The globe-trotting Karanvir will actively participate in high level dialogues with global and regional leaders to bring forward the opinions of the youth on issues such as the next industrial revolution, bridging income inequality, bridging gap between public and private partnership, sustainable development and overcoming fragmentation in societies

Among others, he is likely to interact with prominent global business personalities like Jack Ma, Tony Hayward, Michelle Rempel, Alexandra Lamont, Patty Hajdu, Brian Kingston, John Manley and Michael Moller. A PPP-Tech expert Karanvir Singh is on a mission to connect nations.

Along with PM Modi, two Chief Ministers and six Union Ministers, he will join over 100 Indian industry and 3000 global leaders at Davos.

Bhai Lehna Ji’s utmost Devotion & Humility for Guru Nanak Dev Ji will touch your Heart

When his own sons turned their back, How Bhai Lehna Ji was always available at Service for his master, Guru Nanak Dev Ji ONce Guru Nanak Had collected three bundles of grass for his cows and Bufaaloes and He desired to have them taken home. The grass was wet and Muddy . Since no on […]

When his own sons turned their back, How Bhai Lehna Ji was always available at Service for his master, Guru Nanak Dev Ji

ONce Guru Nanak Had collected three bundles of grass for his cows and Bufaaloes and He desired to have them taken home. The grass was wet and Muddy . Since no on was willing for the task, The guru asked his sons Sri Chand and Lakshmi Das to carry the Bundles. They too evaded the duty, saying that labourer could do the job. Lehna, Who had just arrived there bowed before the Guru and Said Most Humbly, тАЬConsider me as you labourer and give this job to do.тАЭ

The Guru said he might take as many as his strength permitted. Lehna, gathering strength from his enthusisasm and Devotion to guruji, Picked up all the bundles and walked towards Guru NanakтАЩs House.

On Reaching home, The GuruтАЩs Wife asked him : тАЬIs it proper for you to impose such menial labour on a guest and soil his new Clothes ?тАЭ

See , From head to toe, he is dripping with muddy water !тАЭ

The Guru replied,тАЭThis is not mud but saffron of GodтАЩs Court which marketh the elect.тАЭ ON Looking again, the GuruтАЩs wife observed that the mud on LehnaтАЩs Clothes had really changed to saffron!

On another Occasion, Guru Nanak dev ji Sent for his sons at the dead of night and asked them to was his soiled clothes. His sons Protested in a chorus,тАЭ There is no water around. Even if we manage to wash your clothes. How are they ever going to dry at this unearthly hour ?тАЭ

Guru Nanak Dev ji Repeated his request. His sons replied Indifferently, тАЬAt the break of day, we shall have your lothes delivered to the washerman to was. Why donтАЩt you wear a new set of clothes until then ?тАЭ

The Guru made the same request to Lehnaji. He at once set about doing the assigned task with all sincerity. Early next morning he presented his master with clean, washed and dried clothes,,.

One winter night it poured so heavily that a part of the wall of the GuruтАЩs House collapsed. Around Midnight he asked his sons to repair it. They Said, тАЬIt is dark and bitterly cold. Besided , it is not our job to build or repair wall. Tommorrow morning we shall summon mason and Labourers to do the work. тАЭ

the Guru said to his sons, тАЬSince it is the GuruтАЩs work.,it must only be don by his sikhs; and it must be done immediately without any further delay.тАЭ

Lehnaji, who happened to be standing next to the Guruji, offered his services. He started building the wall. when he was nearly half way through, the Guru said that the wall was not straight. He asked him to demolish the half built wall and build it again. Lehnaji obeyed his master and started rebuilding the wall with utmost care. But the Guru was still not satisfied. He had to putt it down once more. This carried on several times. The GuruтАЩs own songs tried to discourage Lehnaji agains this task assigned to him. They Said, тАЬYou can never please him. Give up the work.тАЭ

But Lehnaji said,тАЭA servant musd do his materтАЩs work. It is of the master to decide what work he should assign to his servantтАжтАж.тАЭ

Guru Nanak Dev ji used to get up early every morning to bathe in the river Ravi. Lehnaji would go along with him and sit near the GuruтАЩs Clothes while he bathed . By now Guru Nanak dev ji had become so fond of him that he had come to be known as Baba Lehna. Some of the GuruтАЩs disciples had become jealous of baba Lehna, One day three of these jealous Sikhs decided to do what Baba Lehna was doing for the Guru. They Thought this would please their master.

It was a cold dark morning . The sky was overcast and Soon it began to hail. The Three sikhs could not bear the chill and returned home. But baba Lehna waited for the Guru to step out of the river. When Guru Nanak dev ji reached the bank of the river where Baba Lehna was sitting by himself, he said to him ,тАЭ the other sikhs deserted me on this chilly morning. Why didnтАЩt you follow suit?тАЭ

On this Baba Lehna Bowed humbly to his Guru and Said, тАЬA servant must never desert his master. How could i do that ?тАЭ

Melbourne School changes its Uniform Policy to admit a Turbaned SIKH Student

A Melbourne Sikh family has a favourable outcome against a Christian school that refused entry to their son because he wears a turban. The decision came following a landmark decision of the Victorian Administrative and Civil Tribunal (VCAT) in September 2017 which found that Melton Christian School had breached the Equal Opportunity Act by discriminating […]

A Melbourne Sikh family has a favourable outcome against a Christian school that refused entry to their son because he wears a turban.

The decision came following a landmark decision of the Victorian Administrative and Civil Tribunal (VCAT) in September 2017 which found that Melton Christian School had breached the Equal Opportunity Act by discriminating against a five-year-old turban wearing boy, Sidhak Singh Arora.

VCAT had ordered that SidhakтАЩs parents and MCC attend a compulsory conference to determine what orders VCAT should make. Following the compulsory conference that was held in November, both parties issued the following joint statement:

“MCC, Sagardeep Singh Arora and Anureet Kaur Arora are pleased to have resolved the matter of the enrolment of the Aroras’ son, Sidhak Singh Arora, which was the subject of proceedings before the Victorian Civil and Administration Tribunal under the Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic).

“MCC has made amendments to its uniform policy to allow exceptions where genuine medical or religious grounds exist, such that Sidhak will be able to start at MCC in the beginning of the 2018 school year.

тАЬMCC is founded on Christian doctrine, and is committed to an inclusive school community partnering with families in excellent Christian education.

“MCC regrets the difficulties that took place with respect to the enrolment and the Arora family is grateful to the school for the amendments it has made to the uniform policy in order to welcome Sidhak to the school.

The Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission, which had intervened in the case, had said in a statement, “The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal’s decision in the Arora v Melton Christian College case was an important test for clarifying the exceptions in the Equal Opportunity Act 2010. This is the first time that these exceptions from discrimination have been considered in Victorian courts or tribunals.”

“I consider that MCC’s uniform policy in so far as it prohibits head gear of a non-Christian faith, could be described as ‘openly discriminatory,” said VCAT member, J Grainger, in a 50-page judgment. You may read the full judgment here.

“I was approached by UNITED SIKHS in January this year when they learnt that I did not have legal representation. They assisted me and arranged pro bono representation by Herbert Smith Freehills, a top law firm in Australia,” Sidhak Singh’s father, Sagardeep Singh, said after VCAT’s ruling.

Sagardeep Singh Arora told SBS Punjabi that VCAT has ruled MCC has breached the state’s Equal Opportunity Act by placing uniform conditions on his sonтАЩs enrolment.

тАЬIt is a great outcome. We are very pleased to hear this decision,тАЭ said Mr Arora.

тАЬThe case will set a precedent for everyone else who wants their children to practice their religion or faith and cannot do it because some schoolsтАЩ uniform policy excludes them from enrolment due to their appearance or their religious beliefs.тАЭ

UNITED SIKHS provided legal representation to Singh family with the support of a local law firm the Herbert Smith Freehills.

Mejindarpal Kaur, International Legal Director from UNITED SIKHS told SBS Punjabi that their organization is raising this issue in the interests of all religious minorities.

тАЬOn behalf of Sikhs in Australia, and in Victoria in particular, we are very pleased that VCAT has upheld religious freedom in schools. We applaud Sidhak Singh’s parents who took a stand for their child that will benefit all faith communities,” said Mejindarpal Kaur.

The landmark case of Sidhak Singh Arora may have wide-ranging implications for schools and the uniform policies they set.

-sbs.com

61 yr Old Amarjit Kaur has dedicated her life to giving dignity to the dead.

She sits in a dimly-lit room, surrounded by scores of trophies covered with dust. The only thing shining in the dusky room is a heavy roll of white cloth, which she uses for cremating and burying bodies of the unknown and poor dying in the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER). Amarjit […]

She sits in a dimly-lit room, surrounded by scores of trophies covered with dust. The only thing shining in the dusky room is a heavy roll of white cloth, which she uses for cremating and burying bodies of the unknown and poor dying in the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER).

Amarjit Kaur Dhillon, 61, has dedicated her life to giving dignity to the dead.

At the last count in December 2005, she had conducted the last rites of 100 bodies. тАЬI stopped counting after that,тАЭ she sighs, pointing to a big heap of files.

Born and bought up in Patiala, Dhillon moved to Chandigarh in 1980 when she got a job in the Punjab and Sind Bank. After working for 20 long years, she took voluntary retirement in 2000 to serve the needy.

First brush

Her journey of social service started in 1991, when she and her bank colleagues collected 2.5 lakh to fund the kidney transplant of a gunmanтАЩs son.

тАЬIt was then I realised the importance of money in saving human lives. In fund raising, I found a way to save lives,тАЭ says Dhillon.

She started raising funds for Red Cross, which used to organise medical camps. In 2000, she surprised everyone by arranging a lakh in less than a month.

Pointing to a cobweb-covered award, she says, тАЬOn May 8, 2000 I got my first state award by then Punjab health minister, who called me тАШAlladin ka ChiragтАЩ.тАЭ

She also started helping the poor patients at PGIMER. тАЬIt was in 1998 that I first visited PGIMER with my mother and found so many patients in need of help,тАЭ remembers Dhillon.

As she started dedicating more time to poor patients, work became a drag.

Raising funds

Finally, in 2000, she decided to quit her job to pay full attention to fund raising. Ask her if it is difficult to convince people to donate money and she says, тАЬMany people want to help the poor, but donтАЩt know how. Many want to donate money, but donтАЩt know whom to trust. I am just a link between patients and donors,тАЭ she says, adding, тАЬI have never faced any difficulty in arranging funds, itтАЩs as if the divine is with me.тАЭ

On days, when she could not help people financially, she would lend them moral support.

How it started

Once, she found herself drawn to three children playing outside an operation theatre. тАЬTheir father from Bihar had undergone a heart surgery and their mother was inside looking after him,тАЭ recounts Dhillon, who started visiting them every day, bringing food and clothes.

тАЬOn May 3, 2000, a nurse came running to me for help, saying their father had passed away and their mother had lost consciousness.тАЭ

That was the first time she dealt with a body.

тАЬI took the children to the gurudwara inside PGIMER and their mother to Red Cross for booking a funeral van,тАЭ she recounts.

The next morning, the two women cremated the body in Sector 25. Eighteen years on, she has lost count of the number of bodies she has cremated or buried.

тАЬKaam karne waalon ko sochnaa nahi padta, bas icha honi chahiye aur kaam aapko khud dhoondh lega (Those who really want to work donтАЩt need to think much. All they need is a strong desire to do good),тАЭ тАЭshe says.

Impressed by her services, Punjab State Civil Supplies Corporation Limited gave her some funds to which she added some more to purchase a mini-ambulance.

– Hindustan Times

The Depths of Sikhism

The Depths of Sikhism For all people, keeping all misconceptions aside, Please read this poem to understand the heights of Sikhism’s truth and simplicity & its unparallel essence. Though I may not have touched every aspect of the vast Sikhism, but IтАЩve tried my best to put forward my insight about it in form of […]

The Depths of Sikhism

For all people, keeping all misconceptions aside, Please read this poem to understand the heights of Sikhism’s truth and simplicity & its unparallel essence.
Though I may not have touched every aspect of the vast Sikhism, but IтАЩve tried my best to put forward my insight about it in form of a poem, throwing light on Sikh terms and beliefs as told by our One Guru.

Being born as a Sikh in a Gursikh family
Is the first ever gift a soul can receive.
A fortunate jackpot! One may call it so
Which they must just know how to perceive.

But does that only make us a Sikh?
Is that the only pre-requisite?
No dear fellows I really doubt,
It takes much more than just a bit.

Sikhism is a pure belief,
In keeping with logic and truth.
It vanquishes all putrid myths
that put you astray from his service & parenthood.

It’s not meant for the frail & fraudulent,
But is the honour of the valiant one.
The one who loves him with whole of heart
And surrenders himself to the supreme one.

It’s evergreen & of pure origin,
Always in sync with Mother Nature.
Instilling compassion toward humanity
It respectfully considers each element & creature.

Simple living & high thinking,
True Gursikhs have it all.
Ever ready to serve the Panth,
Whenever they receive a call.

YouтАЩve come to a materialistic world,
So besides praying – do work, you must.
Understanding your duties on earth,
Be empathetic, share & donate, you must.

Our Guru wants us to be honest & modest,
And to treat death as inevitable after birth.
Peace is what he urges us to spread,
In this downtrodden & violent earth.

Elixir is what Sikhism proves being
For the misery-ridden & distracted souls.
And those blessed ones who find it so,
Thereafter find their lives on a roll.

A Sikh is taught to treat all alike,
And banish distinction & bias.
To fill the gap amidst men & womenfolk,
In which only mutual respect lies.

Let us practice brotherhood
With our fellow beings, for the Guru who knows that all are one.
And fatherhood with the divine soul,
Which is ONE & only ONE.

We are born to fight for righteousness,
To defend the meek, helpless & the wronged ones.
But to take up the sword only when,
All previous peaceful effort is outrun.

Sikhism bestowed Guru Granth Sahib Ji on us,
Which is no less than bliss.
The embodiment of our ten Sikh Gurus
Whom we most adore & miss.

Guru Granth Sahib Ji is our sole Living Guru
And to no other sage do we Sikhs resort.
WaheguruтАЩs Naam & deep surrender
Is the key through which true life is sought.

Under SikhismтАЩs haven, what I have learnt
Is to give each religion even respect.
But infinite love for my unfathomable one,
Makes me adhere to it for my lifeтАЩs rest.

Being a Gursikh is for sure a courageous job.
But then it goes for the daring mob.
Renowned in the entire world now,
Sikhism is becoming a heart-throb!!

Prabhjot Singh Khurana

рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдпреБрджреНрдз рдХреА рд╕реНрддрд┐рдерд┐ рджреЗрдЦрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рд╕реЗрдирд╛рдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдХрд╛ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдХреЛ рдорд╛рдирдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЗрдВрдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛

рдЬрдм рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдиреЗ рдЫрдВрдм рд╕реЗрдХреНрдЯрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рдорд▓рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рддреЛ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдордирд╛ рдЕрдЦрд╝рдиреВрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ рдмрдврд╝ рдХрд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдП. рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдк рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдЕрдВрддрд░рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рд╕реАрдорд╛ рдкрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рд▓рд╛рд╣реМрд░ рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ рдмрдврд╝рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рджрд┐рд▓рд╡рд╛рдЗрдП. рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдФрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХрд╛ […]

рдЬрдм рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдиреЗ рдЫрдВрдм рд╕реЗрдХреНрдЯрд░ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рдорд▓рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рддреЛ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рд╕рд╛рдордирд╛ рдЕрдЦрд╝рдиреВрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ рдмрдврд╝ рдХрд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рдП.

рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдк рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдЕрдВрддрд░рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░реАрдп рд╕реАрдорд╛ рдкрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рд▓рд╛рд╣реМрд░ рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ рдмрдврд╝рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рджрд┐рд▓рд╡рд╛рдЗрдП.

рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдФрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХрд╛ рд╡реЛ рд╢реЛ рдбрд╛рдЙрди

рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдХреБрдЫ рд╣рд┐рдЪрдХрд┐рдЪрд╛ рд░рд╣реЗ рдереЗ. рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдЗрд╕ рдкрд░ рдЬрд╝реЛрд░ рджреЗрддреЗ рд╣реБрдП рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЖрдк рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╕реЗ рдпреЗ рдмрд╛рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд╣ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рддреЛ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рд▓рд╛рд▓ рдмрд╣рд╛рджреБрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рджреАрдЬрд┐рдП.

рдЕрдВрддрдд: рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ 3 рд╕рд┐рддрдВрдмрд░ рдХреЛ рдкрдВрдЬрд╛рдм рдореЗрдВ рдмрдврд╝рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рдорд┐рд▓реА.

рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЖрддреНрдордХрдерд╛ ‘рдЗрди рдж рд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдСрдлрд╝ рдбреНрдпреВрдЯреА’ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рд┐рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, “рдЗрд╕ рдмреАрдЪ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдХреЛ рдпреЗ рдЖрднрд╛рд╕ рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд┐ рд╣рдо рдЕрдЦрд╝рдиреВрд░ рдкрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рд╣рдорд▓реЗ рдХрд╛ рдЬрд╡рд╛рдм рджреЗрдиреЗ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдореИрдВрдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЗрдВрдЬреАрдирд┐рдпрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкрдард╛рдирдХреЛрдЯ-рдЕрдЦрд╝рдиреВрд░ рд╕рдбрд╝рдХ рдХреА рдорд░рдореНрдордд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдЬрдореНрдореВ рддрд╡реА рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ рдХреЗ рдкреБрд▓ рдХреЛ рдФрд░ рдордЬрд╝рдмреВрдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджрд┐рдП.”

“рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдкрд░ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЕрд╕рд░ рдкрдбрд╝рд╛ рдореИрдВ рдХрд╣ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╕рдХрддрд╛, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЗрддрдирд╛ рдЬрд╝рд░реВрд░ рдХрд╣ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реВрдБ рдХрд┐ рддреАрди рджрд┐рди рдмрд╛рдж рдЬрдм рд╣рдордиреЗ рд▓рд╛рд╣реМрд░ рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЪ рд╢реБрд░реВ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рддреЛ рд╡реЛ рдЖрд╢реНрдЪрд░реНрдпрдЪрдХрд┐рдд рд░рд╣ рдЧрдП.”

рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЖрддреНрдордХрдерд╛ ‘рдЗрди рдж рд▓рд╛рдЗрди рдСрдлрд╝ рдбреНрдпреВрдЯреА’ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рд▓рд┐рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, “рдиреМ рд╕рд┐рддрдВрдмрд░ рдХреА рд░рд╛рдд рдврд╛рдИ рдмрдЬреЗ рд╕реЗрдирд╛рдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдиреЗ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдлрд╝реЛрди рдорд┐рд▓рд╛рдпрд╛. рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдХрд╣рдирд╛ рдерд╛ рдХрд┐ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреЛ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдиреА рд╣рдорд▓реЗ рд╕реЗ рдЕрд▓рдЧ-рдерд▓рдЧ рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдмрдЪрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдореБрдЭреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреЛ рдмреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдирджреА рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рд▓реЗ рдЖрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП.”

“рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдорддрд▓рдм рдерд╛ рдкрдВрдЬрд╛рдм рдХреЗ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рднреВрднрд╛рдЧ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдореГрддрд╕рд░ рдФрд░ рдЧреБрд░рджрд╛рд╕рдкреБрд░ рдХреЗ рдЬрд╝рд┐рд▓реЗ рдереЗ, рдЦрд╝рд╛рд▓реА рдХрд░ рджреЗрдирд╛. рдореЗрд░реА рдирдЬрд╝рд░ рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдпреЗ 1962 рдХреЗ рдЪреАрди рд╣рдорд▓реЗ рд╕реЗ рднреА рдмреБрд░рд╛ рдЭрдЯрдХрд╛ рд╣реЛрддрд╛.”

рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдпреЗ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдорд╛рдирдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЗрдВрдХрд╛рд░ рдХрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛.

рд╡реЛ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЖрддреНрдордХрдерд╛ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рд┐рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, “рдореИрдВрдиреЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЪреВрдБрдХрд┐ рдпреЗ рдПрдХ рд░рдгрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рд╣реИ, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдЗрд╕реЗ рдпреБрджреНрдз рднреВрдорд┐ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реА рдЖрдХрд░ рджреЗрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛, рд╡рд░реНрдирд╛ рдЖрдк рдореБрдЭреЗ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджреАрдЬрд┐рдП. рддрдп рд╣реБрдЖ рдХрд┐ рд╡реЛ рдореБрдЭрд╕реЗ рдЕрдВрдмрд╛рд▓рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдорд┐рд▓реЗрдВрдЧреЗ. рдореБрдЭреЗ рдпреЗ рджреЗрдЦрдХрд░ рдЖрд╢реНрдЪрд░реНрдп рд╣реБрдЖ рдХрд┐ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдХреЗ рдЬрд╣рд╛рдЬрд╝ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдПрдХ рдПрд╕реНрдХреЙрд░реНрдЯ рдЬрд╣рд╛рдЬрд╝ рднреА рдерд╛.”

“рдореИрдВрдиреЗ рд╕реНрдЯреЗрд╢рди рдХрдорд╛рдВрдбрд░ рд╕реЗ рдЙрд╕реА рд╕рдордп рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╕реАрдорд╛ рдкрд░ рд▓рдбрд╝ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рд░реЛрдЬрд╝ рдЗрд╕ рддрд░рд╣ рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдорд╛рдиреЛрдВ рдХреА рджрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ. рдореИрдВ рдФрд░ рдЪреАрдлрд╝ рд╕реАрдзреЗ рдСрдкрд░реЗрд╢рди рд░реВрдо рдореЗрдВ рдЧрдП рдЬрд╣рд╛рдБ рд╣рдо рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХрд╛рдлрд╝реА рдЧрд░реНрдорд╛рдЧрд░реНрдореА рд╣реБрдИ.”

“рдПрдХ рд╕рдордп рд╡реЛ рдЗрддрдиреЗ рдЙрддреНрддреЗрдЬрд┐рдд рд╣реЛ рдЧрдП рдХрд┐ рдореБрдЭреЗ рдХрд╣рдирд╛ рдкрдбрд╝рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдореЗрд╕ рд╕реЗ рдмрд┐рдпрд░ рдордВрдЧрд╡рд╛рдКрдБ? рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдореИрдВрдиреЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдпреЗ рд╕реНрдкрд╖реНрдЯ рдХрд░ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЕрдЧрд░ рд╡реЛ рдХреЛрдИ рд░рдгрдиреАрддрд┐рдХ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджреЗрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рддреЛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдореЗрд░реЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдлрд╝реНрд░рдВрдЯ рдкрд░ рдЖрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ рдФрд░ рддрдм рдореИрдВ рддрдп рдХрд░реВрдВрдЧрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдореИрдВ рдЙрд╕ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдХрд░реВрдБрдЧрд╛ рдпрд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ.”

рдореЗрдЬрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдкрд▓рд┐рдд рднреА рд▓рд┐рдЦрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, “рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдиреЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡реЛ рдЗрддрдиреЗ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рдорд╕рд▓реЗ рдкрд░ рдореМрдЦрд┐рдХ рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдХрд╛ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░реЗрдВрдЧреЗ. рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЖрдкрдХреЛ рдореБрдЭреЗ рд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рджреЗрдиреЗ рд╣реЛрдВрдЧреЗ. рд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдЖрджреЗрд╢ рдХрднреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЖрдП. рдХреБрдЫ рд╣реА рдШрдВрдЯреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╛рдд рдмрджрд▓ рдЧрдП рдЬрдм рдЦреЗрдордХрд░рдг рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╕реЗрдВрдЪреВрд░рд┐рдпрди рдЯреИрдВрдХреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣реАрдВ рдмреЗрд╣рддрд░ рдкреИрдЯрди рдЯреИрдВрдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдзреВрд▓ рдЪрдЯрд╛ рджреА.”

рд╕рд╛рдорд░рд┐рдХ рдорд╛рдорд▓реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдПрдХ рдФрд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рдЬреНрдЮ рдХреЗ. рд╕реБрдмреНрд░рдордгреНрдпрдо рдиреЗ рднреА рд▓рд┐рдЦрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рд╕реЗ рднреА рдмреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдирджреА рдХреЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рд╣рдЯрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдиреБрдорддрд┐ рдорд╛рдБрдЧреА рдереА, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЗрд╕рдХреА рдЗрдЬрд╛рдЬрд╝рдд рдирд╣реАрдВ рджреА.

рдЯреАрдХрд╛рдХрд╛рд░ рдЗрдВрджрд░ рдорд▓реНрд╣реЛрддреНрд░рд╛ рдФрд░ рдХреБрд▓рджреАрдк рдиреИрдпрд░ рдиреЗ рднреА рдмреАрдмреАрд╕реА рдХреЛ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдХреА рдЪрд▓реА рд╣реЛрддреА рддреЛ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЛ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЗ рд╕реЗ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рд╣рдЯрдирд╛ рдкрдбрд╝рддрд╛.

рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреА рдмреЗрдЯреА рд╣рд░рдорд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдпрд╛рдж рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдШрд░ рдкрд░ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдХрдо рджреЗрдЦрд╛. рд╡реЛ рдЖрддреЗ рднреА рдереЗ рддреЛ рд╣рдореЗрд╢рд╛ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдХрдорд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдХрдорд╛рдВрдбрд░реЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдЯреЗрд▓реАрдлрд╝реЛрди рдкрд░ рдмрд╛рдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рд░рд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдпреЗ рдЬрд╛рдирдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд┐ рдпреБрджреНрдз рдореЗрдВ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ.

рдХрднреА-рдХрднреА рдХрдорд░реЗ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдирд┐рдХрд▓рддреЗ рдереЗ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рд╣рдореЗрдВ рдХреБрдЫ рднреА рдирд╣реА рдмрддрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ рдореЗрдВ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ. рд╣рдо рдмрд╕ рдЕрдиреБрдорд╛рди рд▓рдЧрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рд╕рдм рдХреБрдЫ рдареАрдХ рд╣реА рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ.

рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдПрдбреАрд╕реА рд░рд╣реЗ рдХреИрдкреНрдЯрди рдЕрдорд░реЗрдВрджрд░ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рд╡реЛ рдмрд╣рд╛рджреБрд░реА рдХреЗ рд╣рд░ рдХрд╛рдо рдХреЛ рд╕рд░рд╛рд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдкреЗрд╢реЗрд╡рд░ рдЧрд╝рд▓рддреА рдХреЛ рд╡реЛ рдХрднреА рднреА рдорд╛рдлрд╝ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ.

1965 рдореЗрдВ рднреА рдЬрдм рдореЗрдЬрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдирд┐рд░рдВрдЬрди рдкреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдж рдЖрд╢рд╛рдиреБрд░реВрдк рдХрд╛рдо рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХрд░ рдкрд╛рдП рддреЛ рдмреАрдЪ рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ рдореЗрдВ рднреА рд╡реЛ рдЙрдирдХреЛ рд╣рдЯрд╛рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣рд┐рдЪрдХреЗ. рдЙрд╕реА рддрд░рд╣ рдЬрдм рдореЗрдЬрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреЛрдкрдбрд╝рд╛ рдиреЗ рдЕрдЦрд╝рдиреВрд░ рдХреЗ рдореЛрд░реНрдЪреЗ рдкрд░ рдЕрдХреБрд╢рд▓рддрд╛ рджрд┐рдЦрд╛рдИ рддреЛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рднреА рд╣рдЯрд╛рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдХреЛрдИ рд╕рдВрдХреЛрдЪ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реБрдЖ.

рдЙрд╕ рдЬрд╝рдорд╛рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдЪреМрдзрд░реА рдХреЗ рд╕реНрдкреЗрд╢рд▓ рдЕрд╕рд┐рд╕реНрдЯреЗрдВрдЯ рд░рд╣реЗ рдФрд░ рдмрд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╕реЗрдирд╛рдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдмрдиреЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╡реАрдПрди рд╢рд░реНрдорд╛ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, “рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдЖрд▓рд╛ рдЕрдлрд╝рд╕рд░ рдереЗ. рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рдПрдХ рдЕрдлрд╝рд╕рд░ рдХрд╛ рдбрдЯрдХрд░ рдЦрдбрд╝рд╛ рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдФрд░ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдХрдорд╛рдВрдб рдЪрд▓рд╛рдирд╛ рдЬреИрд╕рд╛ рд╡реЛ рдЪрд╛рд╣реЗ, рдмрдбрд╝реА рдЦрд╝реВрдмреА рдХреА рдмрд╛рдд рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ. рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдорд╛рдирдирд╛ рдерд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЖрдк рджреВрд╕рд░реЗ рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рдбрд╝ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВ рддреЛ рдЬрд╝рд░реВрд░рдд рдкрдбрд╝рдиреЗ рдкрд░ рдЖрдк рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рд▓реЗ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ.”

“рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЖрдк рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╣реА рджреЗрд╢ рдореЗрдВ рд▓рдбрд╝ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВ рддреЛ рдкреАрдЫреЗ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдЖрдкрдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕ рд╣реИ рд╣реА рдирд╣реАрдВ, рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рд╡реЛ рд╣рдорд╛рд░реА рдЬрд╝рдореАрди рд╣реИ, рд╣рдорд╛рд░рд╛ рдШрд░ рд╣реИ. рд╣рдо рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рджреБрд╢реНрдорди рдХреЗ рд╣рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ. рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЗрд╕ рд░рд╡реИрдпреЗ рдиреЗ рджреЗрд╢ рдХреЗ рдиреЗрддреГрддреНрд╡ рдХреЛ рдХрд╛рдлрд╝реА рдЖрддреНрдорд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рджрд┐рдпрд╛.”

рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдмрд░рдмрд╛рдж рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдкрд╕рдВрдж рдирд╣реАрдВ

рд╣рд░рдорд╛рд▓рд╛ рдЧреБрдкреНрддрд╛ рдХрд╣рддреА рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдкрд╣рд▓рд╛ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рд╕реЗрдирд╛ рдереА. рд╣рдо рджреВрд╕рд░реЗ рдирдВрдмрд░ рдкрд░ рдЖрддреЗ рдереЗ. рдЙрдирдХреЛ рд╕рдВрдЧреАрдд рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рдлрд╝реА рд╢реМрдХ рдерд╛.

рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдЧрд╛рдиреЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдкрд╕рдВрдж рдереЗ. рдХрднреА-рдХрднреА рд╡реЛ рдЦрд╝реБрдж рднреА рдЧрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдХреЛрд╢рд┐рд╢ рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ.

рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ ‘рдЪреМрджрд╡реАрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЪрд╛рдБрдж’ рдФрд░ ‘рдкреНрдпрд╛рд╕рд╛’ рдХреЗ рдЧрд╛рдиреЗ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдкрд╕рдВрдж рдереЗ рдФрд░ рд╡реЛ рдЕрдХреНрд╕рд░ ‘рдкреНрдпрд╛рд░ рдорд╛рдВрдЧрд╛ рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдХрд╛рдБрдЯреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╣рд╛рд░ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛’ рдЧрд╛рдирд╛ рдЧреБрдирдЧреБрдирд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ.

рд╡реЛ рдЕрдХреНрд╕рд░ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЧрд╛рдбрд╝реА рдЦрд╝реБрдж рдбреНрд░рд╛рдЗрд╡ рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ рдФрд░ рдмрд╣реБрдд рд░реИрд╢ рдбреНрд░рд╛рдЗрд╡рд░ рдереЗ. рдЙрд╕ рдЬрд╝рдорд╛рдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рдкрд╛рдпрд▓рдЯ рдЬреАрдк рдЪрд▓рд╛ рдХрд░рддреА рдереА рдФрд░ рд╡реЛ рдЕрдХреНрд╕рд░ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдкрд╛рдпрд▓рдЯ рдЬреАрдк рд╕реЗ рдЖрдЧреЗ рдирд┐рдХрд▓ рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рдереЗ.

рд╣рд░рдорд╛рд▓рд╛ рдХрд╣рддреА рд╣реИрдВ, “рдЕрдиреБрд╢рд╛рд╕рди рдХрд╛ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдЬреАрд╡рди рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдорд╣рддреНрд╡ рдерд╛. рд╣рдореЗрдВ рдирд╛рд╢реНрддреЗ рдФрд░ рджрд┐рди рдХреЗ рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХреБрдЫ рднреА рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдордирд╛рд╣реА рдереА.”

рд╡реЛ рдмрддрд╛рддреА рд╣реИрдВ, “рдХреЛрдХрд╛ рдХреЛрд▓рд╛ рднреА рд╣рдорд╛рд░реЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдордирд╛ рдерд╛. рд╡реЛ рдЬрд╛рдкрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдпреБрджреНрдзрдмрдВрджреА рднреА рд░рд╣ рдЪреБрдХреЗ рдереЗ, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрд╣рдорд┐рдпрдд рдорд╛рд▓реВрдо рдереА.”

“рдЙрдирдХреЛ рджреЛ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рддрдХ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛, рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рд╡реЛ рд╣рдореЗрд╢рд╛ рдЬрд╝реЛрд░ рджреЗрддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рдмрд░рдмрд╛рдж рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП. рдЬрдм рд╣рдо рдпреЗ рдХрд╣рддреЗ рдереЗ рдХрд┐ рд╣рдореЗрдВ рдпреЗ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЦрд╛рдирд╛ рддреЛ рдЙрдирдХреЛ рдпреЗ рдмрд╛рдд рдмрд╣реБрдд рдирд╛рдЧрд╡рд╛рд░ рдЧреБрдЬрд╝рд░рддреА рдереА.”

рд╣рд░ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдиреА рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди

рд╣рд░рдорд╛рд▓рд╛ рдмрддрд╛рддреА рд╣реИрдВ, “рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдпреБрджреНрдз рдореЗ рдЬреАрддреА рдЧрдИ рд╣рд░ рдорд╕реНрдЬрд┐рдж рдХреА рдорд░рдореНрдордд рдХрд░рд╡рд╛рдХрд░ рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛. рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрд▓рд╛рд╡рд╛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдЬрд┐рд╕ рднреА рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдиреА рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХ рдХрд╛ рд╢рд╡ рдорд┐рд▓рд╛, рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдкреВрд░реЗ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХ рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рди рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде рджрдлрд╝рдирд╡рд╛рдпрд╛.”

“рдореИрдВ рдпреЗ рднреА рдмрддрд╛рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣реВрдБрдЧреА рдХрд┐ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рдиреА рдХреА рддрд░рдлрд╝ рд╕реЗ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рдХрд╛рдЙрдВрдЯрд░рдкрд╛рд░реНрдЯ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдмрдЦрд╝реНрддрд┐рдпрд╛рд░ рд░рд╛рдирд╛ рдЙрдирдХреЗ рджреЛрд╕реНрдд рдФрд░ рдмреИрдЪрдореЗрдЯ рдереЗ. рд╡реЛ рд▓рд╛рд╣реМрд░ рдЧрд╡рд░реНрдирдореЗрдВрдЯ рдХреЙрд▓реЗрдЬ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд╛рде-рд╕рд╛рде рдкрдврд╝реЗ рдереЗ. рдореБрдЭреЗ рдпрд╛рдж рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдЬрдм рдпреБрджреНрдз рд╡рд┐рд░рд╛рдо рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рднрд╛рд░рдд рдФрд░ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╛рддрдЪреАрдд рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣реА рдереА рддреЛ рд╕рдВрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рд╕реЗ рднреЗрдЬреЗ рдЧрдП рдЪрд┐рд▓реА рдХреЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдорд░рдВрдмрд┐рдпреЛ рдиреЗ рдкрд╛рдХрд┐рд╕реНрддрд╛рди рдХрд╛ рдЯреЗрдВрдЯ рдПрдХ рддрд░рдлрд╝ рд░рдЦрд╛ рдФрд░ рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХрд╛ рджреВрд╕рд░реА рддрд░рдлрд╝.”

“рдЬрдм рдореЗрд░реЗ рдкрд┐рддрд╛ рд╡рд╣рд╛рдБ рдкрд╣реБрдВрдЪреЗ рддреЛ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛, рдХрд╣рд╛рдБ рд╣реИрдВ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд░рд╛рдирд╛ рдореИрдВ рдЙрдирд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓рдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддрд╛ рд╣реВрдБ. рдХрд┐рддрдиреЗ рд╕рд╛рд▓ рд╣реЛ рдЧрдП рд╣реИрдВ рдЙрдирд╕реЗ рдорд┐рд▓реЗ рд╣реБрдП. рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ рд╣реА рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд░рд╛рдирд╛ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдмрд╛рдБрд╣реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рднрд░ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛. рдЖрд╢реНрдЪрд░реНрдпрдЪрдХрд┐рдд рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдорд░рдВрдмрд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдореБрдЭреЗ рддреЛ рд╕рдордЭ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реА рдирд╣реАрдВ рдЖ рд░рд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рддреБрдо рд▓реЛрдЧ рд▓рдбрд╝ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реЛ рдЖрдкрд╕ рдореЗрдВ. рд▓рдбрд╝рд╛рдИ рдХрд┐рд╕ рдмрд╛рдд рдкрд░ рд╣реИ?”

рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рдиреЗ рддрд▓рд╡рд╛рд░ рднреЗрдВрдЯ рдХреА

1965 рдХреЗ рдпреБрджреНрдз рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рджрд┐рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЗ рд╕рд┐рдЦ рд╕рдореБрджрд╛рдп рдиреЗ рдмрдВрдЧрд▓рд╛ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рдм рдЧреБрд░реБрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рдзрд╛рдирдордВрддреНрд░реА рд▓рд╛рд▓ рдмрд╣рд╛рджреБрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рдФрд░ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреЛ рд╕рд░реЛрдкрд╛ рджреЗрдХрд░ рд╕рдореНрдорд╛рдирд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛.

рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рд▓рд╛рд▓ рдмрд╣рд╛рджреБрд░ рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рддрд▓рд╡рд╛рд░ рднреЗрдВрдЯ рдХреА рдЬрд┐рд╕рдХрд╛ рдХрд╝рдж рдЙрдирд╕реЗ рднреА рдмрдбрд╝рд╛ рдерд╛. рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдмрдЧрд▓ рдореЗрдВ рдмреИрдареЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рде рдкрдХрдбрд╝ рдЙрдард╛рдпрд╛ рдФрд░ рд╡реЛ рддрд▓рд╡рд╛рд░ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рднреЗрдВрдЯ рдХрд░ рджреА.

рд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░реА рдмреЛрд▓реЗ, “рдореИрдВ рддреЛ рдзреЛрддреА рдкреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдж рд╣реВрдБ, рдкрд░ рдореЗрд░реЗ рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рдзреЛрддреА рдкреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдж рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИрдВ.” рд╡реЛ рддрд▓рд╡рд╛рд░ рдЖрдЬ рднреА рдЬрдирд░рд▓ рд╣рд░рдмрдЦрд╝реНрд╢ рд╕рд┐рдВрд╣ рдХреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕ рд╣реИ

-BBC

риЪри┐рйЬрйАриЖриВ ридрйЛриВ риорйИриВ римри╛рйЫ ридрйЬри╛риЙ, риЧри┐рй▒рижрйЬри╛риВ ридрйЛриВ риорйИриВ ри╢рйЗри░ римригри╛риЙред ри╕ри╡ри╛ ри▓рй▒риЦ ри╕рйЗ риПриХ ри▓рйЬри╛риЙ, ридримрйИ риЧрйБри░ риЧрйЛримри┐рй░риж ри╕ри┐рй░риШ риири╛рио риХри╣ри╛риЙриВ

ри╕ри╛ри╣ри┐рим ри╕рйНри░рйА риЧрйБри░рйВ риЧрйЛримри┐рй░риж ри╕ри┐рй░риШ риЬрйА рижрйА ри╡ри┐риЪри╛ри░ризри╛ри░ри╛ риирйВрй░ рижри░ри╕ри╛риЙриВрижрйА рибри╛риХрйВриорйИриВриЯри░рйА ри╣рйИред риЗри╕ рибри╛риХрйВриорйИриВриЯри░рйА ри╡ри┐риЪ риЧрйБри░риоридри┐ риЕриирйБри╕ри╛ри░ ри╕ри┐рй▒риЦри╛риВ рижрйАриЖриВ рикрйНри░ри╛рикридрйАриЖриВ, ри▓рй░риЧри░, рикрй░риЬ рикри┐риЖри░рйЗ риЖрижри┐ ри╡ри┐ри╢ри┐риЖриВ рижрйАриЖриВ ридри╕ри╡рйАри░ри╛риВ ри╡риЦри╛риИриЖриВ риЧриИриЖриВ ри╣рииред риЗри╣ рибри╛риХрйВриорйИриВриЯри░рйА тАЬриЪри┐рйЬрйАриЖриВ ридрйЛриВ риорйИриВ римри╛рйЫ ридрйЬри╛риЙ, риЧри┐рй▒рижрйЬри╛риВ ридрйЛриВ риорйИриВ ри╢рйЗри░ римригри╛риЙред ри╕ри╡ри╛ ри▓рй▒риЦ ри╕рйЗ риПриХ ри▓рйЬри╛риЙ, ридримрйИ риЧрйБри░ риЧрйЛримри┐рй░риж ри╕ри┐рй░риШ риири╛рио риХри╣ри╛риЙриВтАЭ ри╡ри╛ри▓рйЗ ри╡ри┐ри╢рйЗ риирйВрй░ ри╡рйА риЙриЬри╛риЧри░ риХри░рижрйА ри╣рйИред